Guides, updates and checklists
Insights
Plain-English guides to Turkish enforcement, insolvency and contract law for companies doing business with Türkiye. Every page shows its sources and a last-reviewed date.
All insights
Turkish customer not paying? A 12-step checklist for U.S. exporters
What to do in the first 30 days after a Turkish customer misses a payment, in the order that protects your options. The day ranges are a suggested working calendar, not legal deadlines.
Precautionary attachment in Türkiye: freezing a debtor's assets before judgment
How precautionary attachment works in Turkey: conditions, counter-security with no fixed rate in law, the 10-day and 7-day deadlines, and wrongful attachment.
Objection to a payment order in Türkiye: annulment and removal of objection explained
Your Turkish debtor objected to the payment order: how removal of objection, mediation and the annulment action work in Turkey, with deadlines and compensation.
Power of attorney for Türkiye: how a U.S. company signs, notarizes and apostilles it
How a U.S. company gives a power of attorney for Turkish courts and enforcement offices: notary, county clerk, state apostille, sworn translation and key powers.
Your Turkish customer filed for concordat: what unsecured suppliers need to know
What a concordat (konkordato) filing in Turkey means for a foreign supplier: the stay, the 7-day objection, the 15-day claim filing, voting, FX conversion and approval.
Collecting a U.S. dollar invoice in Türkiye: currency conversion and interest
Can a U.S. exporter claim in dollars against a Turkish buyer? Conversion date, interest on foreign currency debts (Law 3095 Art. 4/a) and what Law No. 7589 changed.
Security for costs in Türkiye: do U.S. claimants have to post a deposit?
Do U.S. companies suing or enforcing in Turkey have to post security for costs? IPPL Art. 48, reciprocity, Court of Cassation case law and attachment security.
How a debt recovery matter proceeds in Türkiye: from file review to collection
The stages of a commercial debt recovery matter in Turkey, from file review and power of attorney to payment order, objection, mediation, attachment and sale.
Documents checklist: recovering a commercial debt in Türkiye
What a foreign creditor collects before debt recovery in Turkey: contract, invoices, proof of delivery, account statement, correspondence and company papers.
Apostille for documents used in Türkiye: a step-by-step guide for U.S. companies
How U.S. documents are apostilled for use in Turkey: Secretary of State or federal Office of Authentications, notary, sworn translation, costs, common errors.
Enforcing a U.S. judgment in Türkiye: recognition, exequatur and state-by-state reciprocity
How a U.S. money judgment becomes enforceable in Turkey: exequatur under Law No. 5718, state-by-state reciprocity, documents, court fees and asset freezing.
Promissory notes and cheques from Turkish buyers: the enforcement route
How a foreign seller enforces a promissory note or cheque from a Turkish buyer: validity, post-dated cheques, the 5-day objection route and limitation periods.
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